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Valmistajien tukemat Ubuntu-tietokoneet: kannettavatietokone.fi uudet ja käytetyt sekä Lenovo-verkkokauppa
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Tässä osiossa voit tarkastella kaikkia tämän jäsenen viestejä. Huomaa, että näet viestit vain niiltä alueilta, joihin sinulla on pääsy.
Open LibreOffice Writer (a normal text document).
Go to View ▸ Toolbars ▸ Logo to show the LibreLogo toolbar (sometimes called “Logo” or “LibreLogo”).
You should see buttons like arrows (turtle moves), “Start Logo program”, “Stop”, “Home”, and “Clear screen”.
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <alsa/asoundlib.h>
#define RATE 44100
#define CHANNELS 1
#define SECONDS 5
void configure_pcm(snd_pcm_t* handle) {
snd_pcm_hw_params_t* params;
snd_pcm_hw_params_alloca(¶ms);
snd_pcm_hw_params_any(handle, params);
snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access(handle, params, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED);
snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format(handle, params, SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE);
snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(handle, params, CHANNELS);
unsigned int rate = RATE;
snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near(handle, params, &rate, 0);
snd_pcm_hw_params(handle, params);
}
int main() {
snd_pcm_t *capture_handle, *playback_handle;
long total_frames = RATE * SECONDS;
std::vector<int16_t> buffer(total_frames);
// Open capture device (Microphone)
if (snd_pcm_open(&capture_handle, "default", SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, 0) < 0) return 1;
configure_pcm(capture_handle);
std::cout << "Recording for 5 seconds..." << std::endl;
snd_pcm_readi(capture_handle, buffer.data(), total_frames);
snd_pcm_close(capture_handle);
// Open playback device (Speakers)
if (snd_pcm_open(&playback_handle, "default", SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, 0) < 0) return 1;
configure_pcm(playback_handle);
std::cout << "Playing back..." << std::endl;
snd_pcm_writei(playback_handle, buffer.data(), total_frames);
snd_pcm_drain(playback_handle);
snd_pcm_close(playback_handle);
return 0;
}
g++ äänikoe.cpp -o äänikoe -lasound
./äänikoe
On Ubuntu 24.04 with the libasound2-dev package, write a c++ program that reads a sound sample of 5 seconds from the laptop microphone and stores in a buffer as 16 bit values from a single channel and then outputs the sample from the buffer via the laptop speakers.
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <alsa/asoundlib.h>
int main() {
const unsigned int sample_rate = 44100;
const unsigned int seconds = 5;
const unsigned int channels = 1;
const snd_pcm_format_t format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE;
const snd_pcm_uframes_t total_frames = sample_rate * seconds;
const snd_pcm_uframes_t period_size = 1024; // frames per read/write
std::vector<int16_t> buffer(total_frames * channels);
int rc;
snd_pcm_t* capture_handle = nullptr;
snd_pcm_t* playback_handle = nullptr;
snd_pcm_hw_params_t* params = nullptr;
// --------- Open and configure capture (microphone) ----------
rc = snd_pcm_open(&capture_handle, "default",
SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, 0);
if (rc < 0) {
std::cerr << "Unable to open capture device: "
<< snd_strerror(rc) << std::endl;
return 1;
}
snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc(¶ms);
snd_pcm_hw_params_any(capture_handle, params);
snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access(capture_handle, params,
SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED);
snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format(capture_handle, params, format);
snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(capture_handle, params, channels);
unsigned int rate = sample_rate;
snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near(capture_handle, params, &rate, nullptr);
snd_pcm_uframes_t psize = period_size;
snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size_near(capture_handle, params, &psize, nullptr);
rc = snd_pcm_hw_params(capture_handle, params);
if (rc < 0) {
std::cerr << "Unable to set capture HW params: "
<< snd_strerror(rc) << std::endl;
snd_pcm_hw_params_free(params);
snd_pcm_close(capture_handle);
return 1;
}
snd_pcm_hw_params_free(params);
// --------- Capture into buffer ----------
{
snd_pcm_uframes_t frames_captured = 0;
while (frames_captured < total_frames) {
snd_pcm_uframes_t frames_to_read =
std::min(psize, total_frames - frames_captured);
rc = snd_pcm_readi(capture_handle,
buffer.data() + frames_captured * channels,
frames_to_read);
if (rc == -EPIPE) {
// Overrun
snd_pcm_prepare(capture_handle);
continue;
} else if (rc < 0) {
std::cerr << "Error reading from capture device: "
<< snd_strerror(rc) << std::endl;
break;
} else {
frames_captured += rc;
}
}
}
snd_pcm_drain(capture_handle);
snd_pcm_close(capture_handle);
std::cout << "näyte luettu:" << rc << std::endl;
// --------- Open and configure playback (speakers) ----------
rc = snd_pcm_open(&playback_handle, "default",
SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, 0);
if (rc < 0) {
std::cerr << "Unable to open playback device: "
<< snd_strerror(rc) << std::endl;
return 1;
}
snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc(¶ms);
snd_pcm_hw_params_any(playback_handle, params);
snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access(playback_handle, params,
SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED);
snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format(playback_handle, params, format);
snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(playback_handle, params, channels);
rate = sample_rate;
snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near(playback_handle, params, &rate, nullptr);
psize = period_size;
snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size_near(playback_handle, params, &psize, nullptr);
rc = snd_pcm_hw_params(playback_handle, params);
if (rc < 0) {
std::cerr << "Unable to set playback HW params: "
<< snd_strerror(rc) << std::endl;
snd_pcm_hw_params_free(params);
snd_pcm_close(playback_handle);
return 1;
}
snd_pcm_hw_params_free(params);
// --------- Play back from buffer ----------
{
snd_pcm_uframes_t frames_written = 0;
while (frames_written < total_frames) {
snd_pcm_uframes_t frames_to_write =
std::min(psize, total_frames - frames_written);
rc = snd_pcm_writei(playback_handle,
buffer.data() + frames_written * channels,
frames_to_write);
if (rc == -EPIPE) {
// Underrun
snd_pcm_prepare(playback_handle);
continue;
} else if (rc < 0) {
std::cerr << "Error writing to playback device: "
<< snd_strerror(rc) << std::endl;
break;
} else {
frames_written += rc;
}
}
}
snd_pcm_drain(playback_handle);
snd_pcm_close(playback_handle);
return 0;
}
/*
g++ play_after_01.cpp -o play_after_01 -lasound
./play_after_01
*/
<!--
https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_layout.asp
-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="fi">
<head>
<title>SLAM ry</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}
/* Style the header */
header {
background-color: #666;
padding: 30px;
text-align: center;
font-size: 35px;
color: white;
}
/* Create two columns/boxes that floats next to each other */
nav {
float: left;
width: 30%;
height: 300px; /* only for demonstration, should be removed */
background: #ccc;
padding: 20px;
}
/* Style the list inside the menu */
nav ul {
list-style-type: none;
padding: 0;
}
article {
float: left;
padding: 20px;
width: 70%;
background-color: #f1f1f1;
/* height: 300px; */ /* only for demonstration, should be removed */
}
/* Clear floats after the columns */
section:after {
content: "";
display: table;
clear: both;
}
/* Style the footer */
footer {
background-color: #777;
padding: 10px;
text-align: center;
color: white;
}
/* Responsive layout - makes the two columns/boxes stack on top of each other instead of next to each other, on small screens */
@media (max-width: 600px) {
nav, article {
width: 100%;
height: auto;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h4>SLAM ry </h4>
Suomen lentokoneasentajat ja mekaanikot ry
</header>
<section>
<nav>
<ul id = "my_links1"> <!-- tämän linkit korvataan -->
<li><a href="tarina01.html">Artikkeli 1</a></li>
<li><a href="tarina02.html">Artikkeli 2</a></li>
<li><a href="tarina03.html">Artikkeli 3</a></li>
<li><a href="tarina04.html">Artikkeli 4</a></li>
<li><a href="tarina05.html">Artikkeli 5</a></li>
<li><a href="tarina06.html">Artikkeli 6</a></li>
<li><a href="tarina07.html">Artikkeli 7</a></li>
<li><a href="tarina08.html">Artikkeli 8</a></li>
<li><a href="tarina09.html">Artikkeli 9</a></li>
<li><a href="tarina10.html">Artikkeli 10</a></li>
<li><a href="tarina11.html">Artikkeli 11</a></li>
<li><a href="tarina12.html">Artikkeli 12</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<script src="script01.js"></script> <!-- linkkien korvausscripti -->
<!-- my_links1 korvataan -->
<article>
<!--
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ÄLÄ POISTA TÄSTÄ YLÖS PÄIN YHTÄÄN MITÄÄN XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
-->
<h1>
Vuosikokous
</h1>
<br/>
Slam ry:n vuosikokous on pidetty ja sääntömääräiset asiat käsitelty.
Yhdistyksen toiminta jatkuu tavalliseen tapaan. Kiitokset osallistjille!
<br/><br/>
<br/><br/>
<br/><br/>
<br/><br/>
<br/><br/>
<br/><br/>
<br/><br/>
<br/><br/>
<br/><br/>
<br/><br/>
<br/><br/>
<br/><br/>
<br/><br/>
<!--
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ÄLÄ POISTA TÄSTÄ ALAS PÄIN YHTÄÄN MITÄÄN XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
-->
</article>
</section>
<footer>
<p> Ensimmäisen tarinan loppu</p>
</footer>
<?php
$handle = fopen("mycounter.txt", "r");
if(!$handle){
echo "could not open the file" ;
}
else {
$counter = (int ) fread($handle,20);
fclose ($handle);
$counter++;
echo" <strong> tarkistusnumero ". $counter . " </strong> " ;
$handle = fopen("mycounter.txt", "w" );
fwrite($handle,$counter) ;
fclose ($handle) ;
}
?>
</body>
</html>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
struct ParsedData
{ int nu;
std::string ss;
std::string os;
std::vector<int> valinnat; // valinnat
};
int j; // valinta intinä
bool string_to_vector(const std::string& syote, ParsedData& tulos)
{ std::stringstream ss(syote);
if(!(ss >> tulos.nu >> tulos.ss >> tulos.os))
{
return false; // Jäsentäminen epäonnistui.
}
std::cout <<tulos.nu << tulos.ss << tulos.os << std::endl;
while(ss >> j)
{
tulos.valinnat.push_back(j);
std::cout << j << std::endl;
}
char ylimääräinen_merkki = 'q'; //ääkköset toimivat muuttujassa myös??? <<===============
//if(ss >> ylimääräinen_merkki)
while(ss >> ylimääräinen_merkki) // <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<???????
{ // <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< tänne ei päästä koskaan ?????
//return false; // Ylimääräistä dataa löytyi.
std::cout << "yy "; // ei koskaan tulla tänne ??????
}
return true; // Jäsentäminen onnistui ja syöte oli täysin käytetty.
}
// Pääohjelma, joka esittelee funktion käyttöä.
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
ParsedData tulos;
if( string_to_vector(argv[1], tulos) )
{ std::cout << "onnistui" << std::endl;
}
else
{ std::cout << "tuli virhe" << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}
/
// g++ kokeilu.cpp -o kokeilu -pedantic
// ./kokeilu '33 ppppp ööö 11 12 oooo'
to test whether a stream has reached the end or encountered a bad character, use the stream status functions such as .eof(), .fail(), .bad(), and .good(). The .eof() function checks if the end of the stream has been reached, .fail() detects input failures (such as reading unexpected characters), and .bad() indicates a serious error that makes the stream unusable.
